How to read a label

 How to read a label

You might have seen certain details writing on canned and packaged food items. These are known is food labels. Food labels provide an important source of information about the food items present an the container especially, in terms of calories and the nutritional value of the foods you eat. ingredients lists are a good way to know exactly what a packaged food contains.

Similarly,in the cosmetic industry proper labelling is an important aspect for marketing a cosmetic or personal care products.libelig is used help inform consumer of the ingredients present in a particular cosmetic products.it also give you information regarding its method of use and any other r the elated warning, expected allergies associated with its use.it also give a list of ingredients and net quantity of content,and its palce of manufacture or distribution.

Preparation of soap from oil and sudium hydroxide

Soap are chemically sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids,such as stearic, oleic or palmitic acid.these acid are present in vegetables oils or animals fats.when vegetables oils or animals fats are treated with sodium hydroxide, soap are formed along with glycerine.this process is called saponification. let s study this process in som detail.

The mixture of fat or vegetable oil and castic soda (naoh) is put in a steel tank fitted with steam coils.the tank has an outlet at the bottom.steam is passed through the mixture.the heat of the steam first melat fat.sodium hydroxide then combines fat or oil to from soap.

Fabric and hair dyeing 

Different colours and shades are employed in the process of dying fabric to make them attractive and beautiful.technically dyes are molecules which absorbs and reflect ligh at specific wavelength to give human eyes the sense of colour.

One simple way of dying is add dye in water and dissolve it completely.now immerse the fabric within the dye solution for some period of time.dye being a chemical stick and forms chemical bonds with fabric. The chemical nature of the dye and material to be dyed both have role in the dyeing process.